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Post COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Neurological Complications.

Sara A Assiri1, Raad M M Althaqafi2, Khaled Alswat2

  • 1Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary

Neurological complications from COVID-19 vaccination are rare. This study investigated rare cases of cerebral venous thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and other neurological events following COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords:
cerebral venous thrombosisischemic strokeoptic neuritisseizuresvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neurological sequelae following COVID-19 vaccination are infrequent.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of these rare events is crucial for vaccine safety monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential pathogenesis of neurological complications occurring shortly after COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi residents.
  • To analyze clinical presentations, radiological findings, and laboratory results of patients experiencing neurological issues post-vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 18 patients presenting with neurological complications after receiving COVID-19 vaccines (Comirnaty, Vaxzevria).
  • Assessment included neurological examination, imaging studies, and laboratory investigations.
  • Focus on patients from Saudi German Hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Main Results:

  • Three cases of severe cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) with intracranial hemorrhage occurred after Vaxzevria vaccination, associated with high d-dimers and thrombocytopenia.
  • Ischemic stroke was observed in 8 patients (44.4%), predominantly older males.
  • Other reported complications included seizures, optic neuritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS).

Conclusions:

  • Neurological complications post-COVID-19 vaccination are exceedingly rare, potentially linked to a vaccine-induced hypercoagulable state.
  • COVID-19 vaccine-associated ischemic stroke may respond better to treatment compared to infection-induced stroke.
  • While a definitive link between COVID-19 vaccines and GBS is not strongly proven, it's a noted rare side effect; MFS is reported here for the first time post-vaccination.