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Prognostic significance and therapeutic potentials of immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma
Vafa Meftahpour1,2, Ali Aghebati-Maleki3, Ali Fotouhi4
1Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract:
Although there exist manifold strategies for cancer treatment, researchers are obliged to develop novel treatments based on the challenges that arise. One of these recent treatment approaches is cancer immunotherapy, which enjoys various types of strategies itself. However, one of the most significant methods, in this regard, is employing immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). Bone sarcomas have several subtypes, with the most common ones being chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Although many aggressive treatment approaches, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection, have been employed over the last decades, significantly improved outcomes have not been observed for Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma patients. Additionally, chordoma and chdrosarcoma resist against both radiation and chemotherapy. Accordingly, elucidating how recent therapies could affect bone sarcomas is necessary. Checkpoint inhibitors have attracted great attention for the treatment of several cancer types, including bone sarcoma. Herein, the recent advances of current immune checkpoint targets, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade, for the treatment of bone sarcoma have been reviewed.
Insights
Cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors offers new hope for bone sarcomas. This review explores advances in targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 to improve outcomes for these challenging cancers.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Bone sarcomas like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma show poor outcomes with traditional treatments.
- Chordoma and chondrosarcoma exhibit resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
- Novel therapeutic strategies are crucial for improving bone sarcoma patient survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in cancer immunotherapy for bone sarcomas.
- To explore the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating bone sarcomas.
- To summarize current immune checkpoint targets and their application in bone sarcoma therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on cancer immunotherapy and bone sarcoma treatment.
- Focus on immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) as therapeutic targets.
- Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade.
Main Results:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising approach for various cancers, including bone sarcomas.
- Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies are key targets in current research.
- Elucidating the effects of these novel therapies on bone sarcomas is essential.
Conclusions:
- Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, represents a significant advancement in bone sarcoma treatment.
- Targeting immune checkpoint proteins offers a potential strategy to overcome treatment resistance in bone sarcomas.
- Further research into anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies is warranted for bone sarcoma patients.
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