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Related Experiment Video

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Functional evolution of visual involvement in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Silvia Marenna1, Su-Chun Huang1, Valerio Castoldi1

  • 1Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology-INSPE, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated visual system damage in a multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse model. Early optic nerve demyelination and later axonal loss correlate with visual dysfunction, aiding therapeutic development.

Keywords:
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitiselectroretinogramoptical coherence tomographyvisual evoked potentialvisual system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a key animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein develop chronic EAE, featuring optic neuritis, demyelination, and axonal loss in the optic nerve.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize both functional and structural visual impairments during distinct phases of EAE: pre-motor and post-motor onset.
  • To correlate visual system changes with disease progression in an MS model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-invasive techniques: Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Electroretinogram (ERG), and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to assess visual function and structure.
  • Performed optic nerve histology at 7 days post-immunization (dpi) for pre-motor onset and 37 dpi for post-motor onset EAE.

Main Results:

  • Pre-motor onset (7 dpi): Demyelination linked to VEP latency delay; axonal loss and reduced ERG b-wave amplitude observed in eyes without VEP delay.
  • Post-motor onset (37 dpi): Comparable functional and structural optic nerve damage across EAE groups.
  • Post-motor onset EAE with VEP latency delay showed decreased ERG amplitude and Normalized Ganglion Cell Complex (NGCC) thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive methods effectively evaluated the visual system in an MS model.
  • Findings provide insights into distinct visual system damage patterns across EAE phases.
  • This research can inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for different stages of MS.