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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
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Visualizing surface marker expression and intratumoral heterogeneity with SERRS-NPs imaging.

Lara K Rotter1,2,3,4, Naxhije Berisha2,5,6,7, Hsiao-Ting Hsu2

  • 1Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nanotheranostics
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles offer a non-invasive method to map tumor surface markers like EGFR and HER2, distinguishing high and low expression levels for better therapeutic selection and monitoring.

Keywords:
Brain tumorBreast CancerBreast Cancer MetastasisEGFRGlioblastoma multiformeHER2.Raman NanoparticlesRaman SpectroscopyRaman imagingSERRSSurface marker expressionTumor Heterogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tumor cell surface marker expression is crucial for therapeutic selection, response, and patient survival.
  • Traditional tumor biopsies are invasive and provide limited spatial information due to tumor heterogeneity.
  • Accurate assessment of surface marker expression is vital for personalized cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate antibody-conjugated surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoparticles (SERRS-NPs) for depicting and quantifying tumoral surface markers.
  • To compare the efficacy of SERRS-NPs in both intracerebral and peripheral tumor models.
  • To assess the potential of SERRS-NPs as a non-invasive alternative to biopsies for molecular imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody-conjugated SERRS-NPs (cetuximab/trastuzumab) were administered to mice bearing glioblastoma, epidermoid carcinoma, or breast tumors.
  • Raman imaging was performed on excised tumors and *in vivo* to analyze SERRS-NP signal intensities.
  • Immunohistochemistry and MRI were used for confirmation and comparison with SERRS-NP results.

Main Results:

  • SERRS-NPs successfully delineated tumors and provided distinct Raman spectra reflecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) distribution.
  • The SERRS-NP signal intensity accurately differentiated between high and low surface marker expression within and between tumors.
  • Results were corroborated by MRI and immunohistochemical evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody-conjugated SERRS-NPs provide a non-invasive approach for comprehensive molecular imaging of tumor surface markers.
  • This nanoparticle-based Raman imaging method can overcome the limitations of invasive biopsies.
  • SERRS-NPs show potential as a superior alternative to immunohistochemistry for assessing tumor heterogeneity and guiding therapy.