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Risk-Based Screening Tools to Optimise HIV Testing Services: a Systematic Review.

J J Ong1,2,3, K Coulthard4, C Quinn5

  • 1Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Jason.ong@monash.edu.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Risk-based tools can improve HIV testing efficiency by identifying individuals for screening. While useful, especially for screening in, caution is advised with screening out tools to avoid missing cases.

Keywords:
HIVScreening toolTesting

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Diagnostic Tools

Background:

  • Identifying individuals unaware of their HIV status is a global health priority.
  • Risk-based tools are criteria used to select individuals for HIV testing.
  • Systematic review of risk-based tool efficacy for HIV diagnosis is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application and performance of risk-based tools for HIV testing.
  • To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of "screen in" and "screen out" strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 18,238 identified citations.
  • Inclusion of 71 studies on risk-based HIV testing tools.
  • Analysis of tool performance based on country income and HIV prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Risk-based tools were predominantly from high-income, low HIV prevalence countries.
  • The majority of tools (70%) were for "screening in" individuals.
  • Highest performing tools identified men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute HIV.

Conclusions:

  • "Screening in" tools can enhance HIV testing efficiency where routine testing is not feasible.
  • "Screening out" tools require careful consideration due to the risk of missing undiagnosed HIV cases.
  • Risk-based tools show potential for optimizing HIV case finding.