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SGLT2 Inhibitors: Benefits for CKD and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Rohit Singhal1, Lisa Aimee Hechanova2

  • 1Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors benefit patients with heart failure and kidney disease, reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. These drugs are recommended for eligible patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and/or chronic kidney disease with albuminuria.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Multiple glucose-lowering therapies exist for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • No single drug has historically reduced both cardiovascular mortality and renal outcomes.
  • Recent clinical trials have investigated novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings from major clinical trials on SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • To outline indications for SGLT2 inhibitor use.
  • To promote the adoption of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major outcome clinical trials on SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of patient data regarding cardiovascular and renal outcomes.
  • Evaluation of benefits in patients with and without T2DM.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate benefits in patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespective of T2DM status.
  • Additional benefits include improved fluid status, blood pressure, uric acid levels, and weight loss.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors reduce CKD progression, HF hospitalizations, major adverse cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular death.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended for all eligible patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and/or CKD with albuminuria.
  • These agents offer significant benefits in reducing cardiovascular and renal disease progression.
  • Widespread adoption is encouraged for patients with T2DM and eligible non-T2DM patients.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskDiabetes mellitusHeart failure preventionRenal protectionSGLT2SGLT2 inhibitors

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