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Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar nerve block in donkey cadavers
1Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, AL Shamlah Street, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Objective:
To develop and describe an acoustic window to access and inject the retrobulbar region in donkey cadavers.
Study Design:
Prospective cadaveric experimental study.
Animals:
A total of 14 donkey cadaver heads.
Methods:
Ultrasound landmarks for retrobulbar injection were identified by dissection of two cadavers. Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar injection of 3, 6 and 9 mL of contrast-lidocaine mixture (1:1) were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) in 12 cadavers for needle position and spread of injectate into the extraocular muscle cone.
Results:
Real-time visualization of needle, extraocular muscle cone and optic nerve enabled successful intraconal instillation of injectate, as documented on CT images.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar injections in cadaver donkeys provided adequate infiltration of the intraconal space.
