Amorphous Framework in Electrodeposited CuBiTe Thermoelectric Thin Films with High Room-Temperature Performance

Bismuth telluride-based alloys are the most efficient thermoelectric materials near room temperature and widely used in commercial thermoelectric devices. Nevertheless, their thermoelectric performance needs to be improved further for wide-scale implementation either as a thermoelectric generator or cooler. Here, we propose a simultaneous codeposition of CuBiTe thin films and their phase transition strategy via the traditional electrodeposition process. With just 13 atom % Cu doping, crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation resulted for the electroplated CuBiTe alloy. A close look at the alloy composition revealed spike-shaped nanocrystalline Bi₂Te₃ embedded in the CuBiTe amorphous matrix. Our result shows an exceptionally high power factor (3.02 mW m^-1 K^-2), which comes from the enhanced Seebeck coefficient (-275 μV K^-1) and high electrical conductivity (3.99 × 10⁴ S m^-1) of CuBiTe films. Therefore, it can be suggested that the adopted strategy to form a unique nanocrystallite-embedded amorphous framework provides a platform to develop next-generation high-performance thermoelectric materials with an extraordinary power factor.