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Ovaries

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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Published on: May 20, 2014

Microtentacle Formation in Ovarian Carcinoma.

Jocelyn C Reader^1,2, Cong Fan¹, Eleanor Claire-Higgins Ory³

¹Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

|February 15, 2022

Summary

Ovarian cancers form microtentacles (McTNs), which are tubulin-based cell projections. These structures may drive metastasis and represent a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment.

Keywords:

clear cell carcinoma epothilone intraperitoneal chemotherapy ixabepilone microtentacle microtubules ovarian cancer paclitaxel serous carcinoma taxane

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Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Published on: May 20, 2014

In vitro Mesothelial Clearance Assay that Models the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

In vitro Mesothelial Clearance Assay that Models the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

Published on: February 17, 2012

Modeling the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination in an Organotypic Culture of the Human Peritoneal Cavity

Modeling the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination in an Organotypic Culture of the Human Peritoneal Cavity

Published on: December 31, 2015

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cell Biology
Cancer Research

Background:

Chemoresistance to paclitaxel and carboplatin is a significant challenge in ovarian cancer.
Malignant ascites and extrapelvic metastasis are common in ovarian cancer.
Microtentacles (McTNs), tubulin-based projections, are observed in detached breast cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the presence and biology of McTNs in ovarian cancer.
Characterize McTN morphology and expression in different ovarian cancer cell lines and patient samples.
Determine the role of McTNs in ovarian cancer cell behavior and potential therapeutic targeting.

Main Methods:

Utilized a lipid-tethering mechanism for imaging individual cancer cells.
Examined immortalized serous (OSC) and clear cell (OCCC) ovarian cancer cell lines, ascites, and human ovarian surface epithelium (HOSE).
Assessed protein expression (tubulin, actin regulators) and effects of microtubule-targeting drugs.

Main Results:

Up to 30% of ovarian cancer cells exhibited McTNs with varying morphologies.
McTN presence and length correlated with histology and metastatic potential.
Microtubule-targeting drugs reduced McTN formation, confirming their tubulin composition. McTNs may promote cell aggregation.

Conclusions:

Microtentacles (McTNs) are present in ovarian cancer and likely contribute to metastasis.
McTNs represent a potential new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Targeting McTNs could enhance therapies, including intraperitoneal drug delivery.