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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

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Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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What are Membranes?01:24

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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Related Experiment Video

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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Golgi Apparatus Regulates Plasma Membrane Composition and Function.

Ilenia Agliarulo1, Seetharaman Parashuraman1

  • 1Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale (SS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

Cells
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Golgi apparatus regulates plasma membrane biosynthesis through protein/lipid processing, lipid transport, and sorting. Dysfunctional molecules lead to genetic diseases and cancer.

Keywords:
Golgi apparatusTGN sortingglycosylationmembrane contact sitespalmitoylation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Golgi apparatus is crucial for the mammalian secretory pathway.
  • It controls plasma membrane biosynthesis via distinct, interacting processes.
  • Understanding these processes is vital for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which the Golgi apparatus regulates plasma membrane biosynthesis.
  • To identify key molecules involved in Golgi-mediated membrane biogenesis.
  • To explore the pathological consequences of molecular dysfunction in this pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms in protein and lipid processing.
  • Analysis of non-vesicular lipid transport pathways.
  • Examination of vesicular sorting at the trans-Golgi network.

Main Results:

  • The Golgi apparatus orchestrates membrane composition through cargo processing, lipid transport, and TGN sorting.
  • Specific molecules facilitate these distinct but interconnected functions.
  • Mutations disrupt plasma membrane homeostasis, impacting signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The Golgi apparatus is central to maintaining plasma membrane integrity and function.
  • Molecular defects in Golgi-mediated pathways underlie various genetic disorders and cancer.
  • Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies.