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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

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Published on: June 2, 2017
Behaviour of Impurities during Electron Beam Melting of Copper Technogenic Material
Katia Vutova1, Vladislava Stefanova2, Vania Vassileva1
1Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Abstract:
The current study presents the electron beam melting (EBM) efficiency of copper technogenic material with high impurity content (Se, Te, Pb, Bi, Sn, As, Sb, Zn, Ni, Ag, etc.) by means of thermodynamic analysis and experimental tests. On the basis of the calculated values of Gibbs free energy and the physical state of the impurity (liquid and gaseous), a thermodynamic assessment of the possible chemical interactions occurring in the Cu-Cu2O-Mex system in vacuum in the temperature range 1460-1800 K was made. The impact of the kinetic parameters (temperature and refining time) on the behaviour and the degree of removal of impurities was evaluated. Chemical and metallographic analysis of the obtained ingots is also discussed.
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