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Optimal Array Design and Directive Sensors for Guided Waves DoA Estimation.

Marco Dibiase1, Masoud Mohammadgholiha2, Luca De Marchi2

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes sensor placement for accurate Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation of guided ultrasonic waves in structural health monitoring. Novel sensors filter interference, significantly improving defect localization in noisy environments.

Keywords:
array designbayesian criterioncramér-rao matrix bounddirection of arrivaldirective piezoelectric sensordoa efficient estimatorguided wavesstructural health monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) relies on accurate Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation for guided ultrasonic waves.
  • Locating elastic wave sources from impacts or defects is crucial for structural integrity.
  • Existing methods face challenges with noise and interference, limiting DoA estimation accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize piezo-sensor array geometry and shape for enhanced DoA estimation in a specific angular sector.
  • To develop a novel directive sensor for guided waves capable of canceling out-of-range acoustic sources.
  • To improve the performance of DoA estimation in the presence of noise and interference.

Main Methods:

  • Designed sensor array geometry and piezo-sensor shape for optimized DoA estimation.
  • Treated DoA as a random variable and wave velocity as unknown, using Differences in Time of Arrival (DToAs).
  • Employed Cramér-Rao Matrix Bound (CRMB) with a Bayesian approach for sensor positioning optimization.
  • Developed a novel directive sensor to filter undesired acoustic sources.
  • Utilized a Gauss-Markov estimator for DoA estimation with a three-sensor array.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly improved DoA estimation performance within the pre-defined angular sector.
  • Demonstrated the novel sensor's capability to effectively filter directional interference.
  • Showcased superior performance compared to conventional DoA estimation approaches in noisy conditions.
  • Validated the optimized sensor cluster's effectiveness through numerical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized sensor configurations and novel directive sensors substantially enhance DoA estimation for guided ultrasonic waves.
  • The proposed methods offer improved accuracy and robustness for SHM applications, particularly in complex and noisy environments.
  • This work provides a foundation for more reliable defect source localization in critical structures.