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Functional and molecular thyroid imaging.

Luca Giovanella1,2, Petra Petranović Ovčariček3

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The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging : Official Publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [And] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [And] Section of the Society Of
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Nuclear medicine imaging is vital for diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions. Advanced techniques like technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT help manage thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Nuclear medicine has been used for thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy since the 1940s.
  • Thyroid imaging remains essential for evaluating thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key concepts and clinical applications of thyroid scintigraphy.
  • To elaborate on the development of thyroid scintigraphy and molecular imaging for thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing iodine or iodine-analog isotopes for thyroid imaging in thyrotoxicosis.
  • Employing technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy.
  • Using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Main Results:

  • Thyroid imaging with isotopes proves autonomously functioning thyroid tissue, excluding malignancy.
  • 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT can prevent unnecessary surgeries for inconclusive thyroid nodules.
  • Molecular imaging enables functional characterization of thyroid diseases before clinical manifestation.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid scintigraphy is integral to managing thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.
  • Molecular imaging offers functional insights into various thyroid conditions.
  • These imaging modalities are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management.