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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
15.5K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

122.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
122.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

43.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
43.2K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

22.7K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
22.7K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.2K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.2K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

79.2K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
79.2K

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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
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Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

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Aggregates Sealed by Ions.

Giovanni La Penna1, Silvia Morante2

  • 1Institute for Chemistry of Organo-Metallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy. giovanni.lapenna@cnr.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent ions are crucial for macromolecular assembly, bridging peptides and proteins. They influence ionic atmospheres and chemical bonds, aiding in the formation and stabilization of protein aggregates.

Keywords:
Intrinsically disordered proteinsMacromolecular assemblyMultivalent ionsStructural disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Macromolecular assemblies are fundamental to biological processes.
  • The role of ions in modulating these assemblies is increasingly recognized.
  • Structurally disordered peptides and proteins are involved in various cellular functions and pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To connect recent findings on the essential role of ions in macromolecular assembly.
  • To explore the spectrum of ionic effects, from ionic atmospheres to direct chemical bridging.
  • To highlight the involvement of disordered peptides and protein regions in ion-mediated assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Conceptual framework development connecting ionic effects across different scales.
  • Analysis of experimental data illustrating ion-mediated assembly and aggregation.

Main Results:

  • Ions play a critical role in the sealing and stabilization of macromolecular assemblies.
  • Multivalent ions act as bridges, forming chemical bonds between macromolecules.
  • Disordered peptides and protein regions are significantly influenced by ions during assembly.
  • Ions can shift populations in polymorphic states and seal protein aggregates.

Conclusions:

  • A continuum of ion effects exists, from diffuse ionic atmospheres to specific chemical interactions.
  • Multivalent ions are key facilitators and stabilizers of macromolecular structures, including aggregates.
  • Understanding ion-macromolecule interactions is vital for comprehending biological organization and dysfunction.