Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

48.5K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
48.5K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.4K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

27.6K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
27.6K
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

555
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
555
Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

Types of Chemical Bonds

80.7K
Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
80.7K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

564
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
564

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental study of liquid carbon.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2016
Same author

On the electronic specific heat of liquid tungsten.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2014
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.3K

Metal-non-metal transition in lead-bismuth eutectic.

A M Kondratyev1, V N Korobenko1, A D Rakhel1

  • 1Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13, Building 2, Moscow 125412, Russia.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied the Pb-Bi eutectic alloy, observing a transition from metallic to insulating behavior with increasing volume. This metal-non-metal transition occurs at the same critical volume as the liquid-gas transition.

Keywords:
Grüneisen coefficientcritical pointequation of statemetal–non-metal transitionresistivitysound velocity

More Related Videos

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
08:41

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

11.9K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.3K
Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
08:41

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

11.9K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of alloys under extreme conditions is crucial for materials science.
  • The Pb-Bi eutectic alloy exhibits unique properties that warrant investigation.
  • Previous studies have explored its thermodynamic functions and electrical properties separately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamic functions and electrical resistivity of the Pb-Bi eutectic alloy.
  • To explore the relationship between specific volume, pressure, and the alloy's metallic/insulating behavior.
  • To develop an equation of state (EOS) for the alloy and determine critical transition points.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of thermodynamic functions and electrical resistivity.
  • Varying specific volume and pressure across liquid and gaseous states.
  • Construction of an equation of state based on experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Observed a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior in electrical resistivity with increasing specific volume.
  • Identified a critical specific volume where the constant volume temperature coefficient of resistivity changes sign.
  • Found that isochores in the specific internal energy-pressure plane are straight lines.
  • Determined that the critical specific volumes for the metal-non-metal transition and liquid-gas transition are equal.

Conclusions:

  • The metal-non-metal transition in the Pb-Bi eutectic alloy can be described by classical percolation theory.
  • The developed equation of state accurately predicts critical transition points.
  • The study provides insights into the fundamental behavior of alloys under varying thermodynamic conditions.