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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Birth Defects.

Ratnam S Seelan1, M Michele Pisano1, Robert M Greene1

  • 1Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Microrna (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as noninvasive prenatal biomarkers for detecting birth defects (BDs). Research is exploring their potential for early risk assessment and improved management of these conditions.

Keywords:
Biomarkersbirth defectsexosomesextracellular miRNAsneural tube defects (NTDs)prenatal detection

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Birth defects (BDs) affect 2-4% of live births, necessitating improved detection methods.
  • Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs), encapsulated in exosomes, are released by fetal and placental cells.
  • These exosomal miRNAs are stable, functional, and detectable in maternal circulation, offering a potential noninvasive biomarker source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research on using miRNAs as biomarkers for prenatal detection of birth defects.
  • To assess the potential of extracellular miRNAs for early risk assessment and management of BDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression in relation to birth defects.
  • Analysis of research on exosomal miRNAs as noninvasive prenatal diagnostic tools.

Main Results:

  • Altered miRNA expression is linked to various diseases, suggesting their role in BDs.
  • Placental and fetal miRNAs are detectable in maternal serum, supporting their use as biomarkers.
  • Exosomal miRNAs are protected from degradation and retain functionality, enhancing their biomarker potential.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular miRNAs hold significant promise as noninvasive prenatal biomarkers for birth defects.
  • Further research is needed to validate their diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for BDs.