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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Targets and Methods to Improve Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Patients

Nicole M Poole1, Holly Frost2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|February 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotics are frequently overprescribed for children with respiratory infections, leading to antibiotic resistance and adverse health effects. Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in pediatric outpatient settings is a critical public health goal.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medicine
  • Public health
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Antibiotic overuse in children's outpatient care is a significant issue.
  • This practice is common for acute respiratory tract infections.
  • Consequences include antibiotic resistance, adverse drug events, and chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the scope of antibiotic prescribing for children in outpatient settings.
  • To identify key areas for intervention and improvement.
  • To present practical strategies for reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions based on national guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric outpatient settings.
  • Identification of targets for intervention.
  • Application of national recommendations for improvement strategies.

Main Results:

  • The study details the significant burden of antibiotic overprescription in pediatric care.
  • Specific targets for reducing unnecessary prescriptions were identified.
  • Pragmatic methods for measuring and improving prescribing were outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use in children is a crucial public health priority.
  • The article provides a framework for addressing antibiotic stewardship in pediatric outpatient settings.
  • Implementing evidence-based strategies can mitigate the negative impacts of antibiotic overuse.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory tract infectionAmbulatory careAntibacterial agentsAntibiotic stewardshipChildDrug prescriptionsDrug utilization reviewHealth Services research

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