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Updates in the Epidemiology, Approaches to Vaccine Coverage and Current Outbreaks of Measles

Nadine Peart Akindele1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe Street, Room 3150, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|February 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Measles virus causes a contagious rash, leading to over 140,000 deaths globally in 2018, mainly in young children. Complications from secondary infections highlight the need for herd immunity to prevent disease resurgence.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Measles virus is a highly contagious RNA virus responsible for a common childhood exanthem.
  • Despite effective vaccination, measles caused over 140,000 global deaths in 2018, predominantly in children under five.
  • Mortality is often linked to secondary bacterial and viral infections, such as pneumonia and diarrhea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of measles virus and its complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of herd immunity in preventing measles outbreaks.
  • To address the resurgence of measles and associated comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of measles epidemiology and impact.
  • Analysis of mortality data associated with measles complications.
  • Discussion of herd immunity strategies.

Main Results:

  • Measles remains a significant global health threat, particularly for unvaccinated populations.
  • Secondary infections significantly contribute to measles-related mortality.
  • Recent outbreaks underscore the fragility of herd immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining high vaccination rates is crucial to prevent measles resurgence.
  • Understanding and mitigating secondary infections are vital for reducing measles mortality.
  • Strengthening public health initiatives is essential to control measles and its comorbidities.
Keywords:
MeaslesMeasles virusVaccines

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