Papillary thyroid carcinoma from a thyroglossal cyst: case series

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

• Thyroglossal duct cysts are common benign congenital neck lesions.
• Malignant transformation within a thyroglossal duct cyst is exceptionally rare, accounting for approximately 1% of cases.
• Presentation often mimics benign cysts, delaying diagnosis of malignancy.

Observation:

• Two cases are presented: a 30-year-old female and a 32-year-old male with neck masses.
• Initial diagnosis of thyroglossal cyst was based on physical examination, ultrasound, and CT scans.
• Both patients underwent the Sistrunk procedure for surgical management.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma originating from the thyroglossal cyst in both patients.
• The male patient underwent Sistrunk procedure and total thyroidectomy simultaneously.
• The female patient had a staged approach with Sistrunk procedure followed by a second-stage total thyroidectomy.

Implications:

• Management of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated papillary thyroid carcinoma is controversial due to rarity.
• Multidisciplinary care and individualized treatment plans are crucial for optimal outcomes.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention are vital for managing this rare oncological condition.