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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila
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Mating-driven variability in olfactory local interneuron wiring.

Ya-Hui Chou1,2,3, Chi-Jen Yang1, Hao-Wei Huang1

  • 1Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.

Science Advances
|February 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal connectivity shows significant variability. This study reveals how mating influences specific olfactory neurons (TC-LNs) in females, altering food odor perception within brain networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Connectomics
  • Olfactory system research

Background:

  • Neuronal connectivity variations are common across species.
  • The origins, extent, and functional impact of neuronal variability remain poorly understood.
  • Analyzing individual neurons across hemispheres and individuals is key to understanding variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inter- and intraindividual variability in neuronal connectivity.
  • To characterize the variability of a specific olfactory local interneuron (TC-LN).
  • To explore the functional consequences of TC-LN variability, particularly in relation to mating and feeding behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic labeling techniques.
  • Employed electron microscopy connectomics for detailed circuit analysis.
  • Focused on an identified inhibitory olfactory local interneuron (TC-LN).

Main Results:

  • TC-LN exhibits significant variability in glomerular innervation patterns.
  • Innervation of the VL2a glomerulus by TC-LN is sexually dimorphic.
  • Female courtship experience and mating status influence TC-LN innervation and connectivity, correlating with food intake.
  • Mating alters TC-LN output connectivity to other local interneurons.

Conclusions:

  • Mating-associated variability in TC-LNs plays a role in regulating food odor interpretation.
  • This variability modulates feeding behavior through an inhibitory network.
  • The study provides insights into experience-dependent neuronal plasticity and its behavioral consequences.