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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Lateral entorhinal cortex dysfunction in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Tammy T Tran1, Caroline L Speck2, Michela Gallagher1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Neurobiology of Aging
|February 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Early Alzheimer's disease impacts the lateral entorhinal cortex, causing reduced volume and brain activity in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). This highlights the lateral entorhinal cortex as a key area affected in early Alzheimer's pathology.

Keywords:
Amnestic mild cognitive impairmentEntorhinal cortexFunctional neuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology begins early in the entorhinal cortex, involving neuronal and synaptic loss.
  • The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) specifically shows tau tangle accumulation during amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
  • Functional changes in the entorhinal cortex in aMCI are not well-localized to medial or lateral subregions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate subregion-specific structural and functional changes in the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex in aMCI patients.
  • To determine if functional alterations in the entorhinal cortex during aMCI are localized to specific subregions.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used.
  • Patients with aMCI and age-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study.
  • Subregion analysis focused on the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Patients with aMCI exhibited significantly reduced volume in the entorhinal cortex.
  • Decreased brain activation was localized specifically to the lateral entorhinal cortex in aMCI patients.
  • No significant functional changes were observed in the medial entorhinal cortex of aMCI patients.

Conclusions:

  • Structural and functional changes in aMCI differentially affect the lateral entorhinal cortex.
  • Findings support the lateral entorhinal cortex as a primary site for early Alzheimer's disease pathology and associated memory impairment.