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Effect of Contingency Paradigm-Based Interventions on Developmental Outcomes in Young Infants: A Systematic Review

Ketaki Inamdar1, Sonia Khurana, Stacey C Dusing

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy (Ms Inamdar), Rehabilitation and Movement Science Program, Motor Development Lab, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Physical Therapy (Dr Khurana), Motor Development Lab, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy (Dr Dusing), Motor Development Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association
|February 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Contingency paradigm interventions show promise for improving infant feeding, motor skills, and cognition. Further research is needed to establish these interventions as effective early developmental strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Intervention
  • Infant Research

Background:

  • Early infant development is crucial for long-term outcomes.
  • Contingency paradigm-based interventions leverage infant-environment interactions.
  • Understanding the efficacy of these interventions is vital for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review controlled trials on contingency paradigm-based interventions.
  • To evaluate their effectiveness in improving feeding, motor, and cognitive outcomes in infants.
  • To assess interventions within the first year of life.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of controlled trials.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials.
  • Synthesis of findings from 17 identified studies.

Main Results:

  • Three trials showed improved nutritive sucking with pacifier-activated lullaby in preterm infants.
  • Seven trials reported enhanced reaching, manual exploration, and kicking in infants.
  • Six trials indicated gains in early cognition using specific tools like sticky mittens.

Conclusions:

  • Contingency paradigm interventions can enhance feeding in preterm infants and motor/cognitive skills in term infants.
  • These interventions show potential for improving neonatal intensive care unit outcomes.
  • Further research is recommended to solidify contingency paradigms as effective early intervention strategies.
Abstract

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