Second molar extractions: a review

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Oral Surgery

Background:

• Maxillary and mandibular second molar extraction is a common orthodontic procedure.
• The impact of second molar extraction on third molar development and occlusion requires thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review parameters associated with maxillary and mandibular second molar extractions.
• To analyze the effects of these extractions on third molar eruption, posterior occlusion, and incisor alignment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on second molar extractions.
• Analysis of parameters including timing, third molar eruption, posterior interdigitation, and incisor imbrication.

Main Results:

• Second molar extraction effectively reduces posterior crowding and promotes faster third molar eruption.
• A decrease in unerupted and impacted third molars is observed post-extraction.
• Erupted third molars may exhibit poor angulation and first molar contact, necessitating additional orthodontic intervention.

Conclusions:

• Second molar extraction offers benefits for managing dental crowding and third molar impaction.
• Potential drawbacks include the extraction of sound teeth and the need for subsequent orthodontic treatment for suboptimal third molar positioning.