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A Comparison of Reliability Estimation Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation

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Summary

Composite reliability estimation using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and independent clusters model confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA) yield similar results. Rotation type and model fit differences do not significantly impact composite reliability estimates.

Keywords:
composite reliabilityconfirmatory factor analysisexploratory structural equation modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Structural Equation Modeling

Background:

  • Composite reliability, often estimated by coefficient omega, is crucial for assessing scale quality.
  • Independent clusters model confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA) is a common method, but may not adequately account for cross-loadings.
  • Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) offers improved model fit when cross-loadings are present.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate composite reliability estimation within the ESEM framework.
  • To compare composite reliability estimates between ESEM and ICM-CFA under varying conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of indicators per factor, factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample size on these estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation studies were conducted to compare ESEM and ICM-CFA for composite reliability.
  • Various parameters were manipulated, including indicators per factor, target factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample sizes.
  • An empirical example was used to validate simulation findings.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in composite reliability estimates between ESEM and ICM-CFA.
  • The choice of rotation type in ESEM did not affect composite reliability estimates.
  • Model fit differences between ESEM and ICM-CFA did not substantially alter reliability estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Composite reliability estimates are comparable between ESEM and ICM-CFA, even with differing model fits.
  • Researchers can be confident in using either method if ESEM shows acceptable fit and ICM-CFA does not.
  • When target factor loadings are low, increasing indicators per factor or sample size is recommended for improved reliability.