Comparative study and discussion of diagenetic facies and conductivity characteristics based on experiments

The study of conduction mechanisms is the key to establishing physical derivations, resistivity simulations and saturation models. The purpose of this research is to clarify conduction mechanisms under different diagenetic facies and build suitable saturation evaluation models. Experimental data of tight gas sandstone from the Ordos Basin were analysed, including data from scanning electron microscopy, conventional core physical property analysis, core casting thin-section analysis, core mercury intrusion experimentation and rock electrical conductivity experimentation. Accordingly, the diagenetic minerals of the study block were examined, and the diagenetic facies were classified by the differences in the diagenetic properties across the study area. The reservoir was divided into three types of diagenetic facies: construction facies, cementation facies and destruction facies. On this basis, the conductivity characteristics and saturation models of different diagenetic facies within the study area were systematically discussed for the first time. A number of experiments showed that according to the type of diagenesis, the structure of the pores and the influence of the reservoir, a classification scheme for diagenetic facies (consisting of construction, cementation and destruction facies) can be established. According to the influence of the diagenesis of various diagenetic facies, theoretical pore structure models of the three diagenetic facies were established, in which the construction facies includes mainly dissolved feldspar pores and intergranular pores, the destruction facies includes clay residual intergranular pores and intergranular pores, and the cementation facies includes primarily residual intergranular pores. Based on these theoretical pore structure models, the construction facies was evaluated with a pore-connected vuggy conductivity model, the destruction facies was evaluated with a non-connected matrix pore conductivity model, and the cementation facies was evaluated with a residual intergranular pore conductivity model. Then, the rationality of each model and the effects of the parameters in each model on the final cementation exponent were analysed by simulation. The predicted cementation exponents of the diagenetic facies match the measured cementation exponents well and can guide the qualitative description of these characteristics in such reservoirs.