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Understanding Poor Milling Behavior of Voriconazole from Crystal Structure and Intermolecular Interactions.

Amanpreet Kaur1, Jay Prakash Yadav2, Rohit Y Sathe3

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Molecular Pharmaceutics
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Voriconazole (VRZ) milling shows plastic behavior and nonuniform size reduction due to crystal plasticity and molecular interactions. Cleavage occurs along the (001) plane, influencing particle size distribution during air jet milling.

Keywords:
attachment energycleavage planecrystal plasticitydensity functional theoryenergy frameworkmillingslip plane

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Voriconazole (VRZ) is a crucial antifungal agent.
  • Understanding VRZ milling behavior is vital for optimizing drug formulation and delivery.
  • Particle size reduction significantly impacts bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the particle size reduction of voriconazole (VRZ) using an air jet mill.
  • To elucidate the fracture mechanisms and crystal plasticity of VRZ during milling.
  • To correlate crystal structure and intermolecular interactions with milling outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Air jet milling of VRZ at varying pressures (5-8 bar) and cycles.
  • Molecular modeling including attachment energy, DFT, and energy framework analysis.
  • Characterization using melting point, heat of fusion, morphology, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).

Main Results:

  • VRZ size reduced from D90 20 μm to 9 μm, with limited further reduction below 9 μm.
  • Milled VRZ retained its crystal lattice, melting point, and heat of fusion.
  • PXRD confirmed the stable form B of VRZ, with (001) identified as the primary slip and cleavage plane.
  • Molecular modeling indicated plastic behavior and energetically favorable cleavage along (001).

Conclusions:

  • Crystal plasticity and specific molecular interactions govern VRZ milling behavior.
  • The (001) crystallographic plane facilitates cleavage, contributing to size reduction.
  • Nonuniform particle size reduction is attributed to crystal plasticity, molecular sheet cleavage, particle orientation, and attrition energy.