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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Fracture in living tissues.

Alessandra Bonfanti1, Julia Duque2, Alexandre Kabla3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.

Trends in Cell Biology
|February 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Living tissues constantly face mechanical stress, risking rupture. This review explores how tissue, cellular, and molecular-level forces cause intercellular adhesion failure, leading to tissue fracture.

Keywords:
cadherincytoskeletondesmosomefracture

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Living tissues are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses from internal cellular activities and external forces.
  • Tissue rupture is a significant risk due to excessive stress or underlying genetic/pathological weakening.
  • Tissue fracture is a complex, multiscale phenomenon involving molecular-level events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and theoretical approaches for understanding living tissue fracture.
  • To elucidate the multiscale mechanisms of tissue rupture, from molecular to tissue levels.
  • To connect cellular and molecular events to macroscopic tissue failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques for characterizing tissue mechanical properties and fracture behavior.
  • Analysis of theoretical models describing stress transmission and adhesion dynamics.
  • Integration of data across molecular, cellular, and tissue scales.

Main Results:

  • Tissue fracture initiates at the molecular scale with the unzipping of intercellular adhesions.
  • Cytoskeletal networks play a crucial role in transmitting cellular and tissue-level stresses to adhesion complexes.
  • Fracture dynamics are influenced by the interplay between applied stress and the mechanical integrity of adhesion sites.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tissue fracture requires a multiscale approach, integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level analyses.
  • The mechanical behavior of intercellular adhesions is critical in determining tissue resilience and rupture.
  • This review provides a framework for future research in tissue mechanics and injury prevention.