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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
Published on: September 8, 2023
Pravesh S Gadjradj1,2, Sidney M Rubinstein3, Wilco C Peul4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is as effective as open microdiscectomy for reducing leg pain from lumbar disc herniation. PTED offers faster recovery and better outcomes for pain, function, and quality of life.
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