Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
The New Face of the Switch Flap in the Reconstruction of a Large Upper Eyelid Defect
Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer1,2,3, Mladen Bušić1,2,3, Daliborka Miletić1,2,3
1Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia.
Abstract:
Reconstruction of a large defect after the removal of a massive malignant upper lid tumor is still a challenge in oculoplastic surgery. Our method of choice is Mustardé switch flap. Due to the lack of Mohs micrographic surgery and frozen section technique as well as waiting time of two weeks for histopathological results, we made modifications enabling us to reexcise in case of positive margins: the width of the pedicle of the flap was 7 mm allowing the length of the flap to be increased if needed, the lids were closed with temporary lateral tarsorrhaphy to protect the eye, and the lower lid is finally reconstructed in the second stage of the procedure. In three patients with malignant upper lid tumors, this method of reconstruction proved to be safe and effective with favorable long-term results.

