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Vitamin K prophylaxis prevents vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in newborns. Despite its success, VKDB incidence is rising due to parental refusal and less effective alternative administration methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Hematology

Background:

  • Intramuscular vitamin K administration is a long-standing standard for preventing vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) since 1961.
  • Recent trends indicate an increasing incidence of VKDB despite established preventive measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on VKDB prevention in term and preterm infants.
  • To address parental concerns regarding vitamin K administration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vitamin K administration and VKDB incidence.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to increased VKDB rates.

Main Results:

  • The rise in VKDB is linked to increased parental refusal of vitamin K injections.
  • Alternative vitamin K administration methods show reduced efficacy compared to intramuscular routes.

Conclusions:

  • Despite high efficacy, vitamin K prophylaxis faces challenges due to parental hesitancy.
  • Addressing parental concerns and exploring effective administration strategies are crucial for continued VKDB prevention.