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Gastrointestinal disorder biomarkers.

Reza Ranjbar1, Mohamad Ghasemian1, Mahmood Maniati2

  • 1Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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PubMed
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This review categorizes diagnostic biomarkers for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including genetic biomarkers like miRNA-146a, to aid in disease detection and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions, from functional dyspepsia to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and cancers.
  • Accurate diagnosis of GI disorders relies heavily on identifying reliable biomarkers.
  • Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of disease presence, progression, or severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize various diagnostic biomarkers for GI disorders.
  • To discuss the biological functions, diagnostic utility, and limitations of different biomarker types.
  • To highlight novel genetic biomarkers, such as microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a), and their specific roles in GI diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of diagnostic biomarkers for GI conditions.
  • Categorization of biomarkers based on type: serological, antibody, immunological, fecal, and genetic (Non-encoding RNAs).
  • Analysis of the biological roles, diagnostic applications, and pros and cons of each biomarker category.

Main Results:

  • Identified and classified diverse diagnostic biomarkers for GI disorders.
  • Evaluated the clinical utility and challenges associated with serological, immunological, fecal, and genetic markers.
  • Highlighted the emerging significance of non-coding RNAs, specifically miRNA-146a, in GI disease diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers are crucial for the accurate diagnosis and management of GI disorders.
  • A range of biomarker types offer distinct advantages and disadvantages for clinical application.
  • Emerging genetic biomarkers, including miRNA-146a, represent promising avenues for future GI disease detection and research.