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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

53.9K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

57.4K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.6K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.8K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

12.9K

Human pre-mRNA 3' end processing: reconstituting is believing.

Yoseop Yoon1, Yongsheng Shi1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

Genes & Development
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have successfully reconstituted human pre-mRNA 3' end processing in vitro. This achievement simplifies a complex biological process into defined biochemical reactions, identifying essential molecular components.

Keywords:
3′ processingCPSFRBBP6RNARNA cleavageRNA processingendonucleasegene expressionpoly(A) polymerasepolyadenylation

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3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
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Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

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Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
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3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Reconstituting biological processes in vitro is a key goal in biochemistry.
  • Understanding the minimal components of complex cellular machinery is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve in vitro reconstitution of human pre-mRNA 3' end processing.
  • To define the essential molecular factors involved in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Independent experimental approaches by two research groups (Boreikaite et al. and Schmidt et al.).
  • Focus on in vitro biochemical assays using defined components.

Main Results:

  • Successful reconstitution of human pre-mRNA 3' end processing was independently reported by two studies.
  • The studies identified the minimal set of components required for the reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The in vitro reconstitution provides a simplified system to study pre-mRNA 3' end processing.
  • This work advances the understanding of gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level.