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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Attaching Biological Probes to Silica Optical Biosensors Using Silane Coupling Agents
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Biocompatible surface functionalization architecture for a diamond quantum sensor.

Mouzhe Xie1, Xiaofei Yu2, Lila V H Rodgers3

  • 1Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to attach individual proteins and DNA to diamond quantum sensors. This breakthrough enables nanoscale NMR spectroscopy for life sciences, advancing cancer screening and diagnostics.

Keywords:
NV centerbiocompatible functionalizationdiamond surface modificationquantum sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing and metrology
  • Biophysics and single-molecule studies
  • Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

Background:

  • Quantum metrology offers unparalleled precision in measurements.
  • Diamond-based quantum sensing is emerging for biophysical sensors, cancer screening, and immunoassays.
  • Nanoscale NMR applications in life sciences are limited by challenges in interfacing quantum bit (qubit) sensors with biological targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the limitations in interfacing quantum sensors with biological molecules.
  • To develop a technique for immobilizing individual proteins and DNA on diamond quantum sensors.
  • To enable broader applications of nanoscale NMR spectroscopy in the life sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Combined quantum engineering with single-molecule biophysics.
  • Developed a thin (sub-5 nm) functionalization architecture for immobilizing biomolecules on bulk diamond crystals.
  • Utilized coherent nitrogen vacancy (NV) qubit sensors hosted within the diamond crystal.

Main Results:

  • Achieved precise control over biomolecule adsorption density.
  • Demonstrated near-surface qubit coherence approaching 100 μs.
  • The functionalization architecture showed chemical stability under physiological conditions for over 5 days.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique successfully immobilizes individual proteins and DNA on diamond quantum sensors.
  • This approach enhances the compatibility of quantum sensing with biophysical and biomedical applications.
  • Paves the way for advanced nanoscale NMR spectroscopy in life sciences research and diagnostics.