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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

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Competition age: does it matter for swimmers?

Dennis-Peter Born1,2, Ina Stäcker3, Michael Romann3

  • 1Swiss Swimming Federation, Section for High-Performance Sports, Bern, Switzerland. dennis.born@swiss-aquatics.ch.

BMC Research Notes
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swimmers achieve elite performance after about 8 years of competition. Competition age significantly impacts swimming performance across all distances and sexes, with effects varying by race length and relative age.

Keywords:
EliteLong-term athlete developmentReference dataRelative ageSwimmingTalent

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Swimming Performance Analysis
  • Biomechanical Research

Background:

  • Establishing reference data for swimming performance is crucial for setting realistic goals.
  • Understanding the impact of competition age on performance across different strokes and distances is essential for athlete development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create reference data on the competition age required to reach specific performance levels in swimming.
  • To analyze how competition age influences swimming performance relative to chronological and relative age.
  • To examine these effects across various swimming strokes and race distances for both sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 36,687,573 race times from 588,938 swimmers.
  • Calculation of Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) points to standardize performance comparisons.
  • Multiple linear regression to determine the effect of competition age on performance.

Main Results:

  • Swimmers typically reach a top-elite level (over 900 FINA points) after approximately 8 years of competition.
  • Competition age consistently affected performance across all race distances for both sexes (β = 0.19 to 0.33).
  • The influence of chronological age decreased with longer race distances, while relative age effects increased.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides valuable reference data for setting performance goals based on years of competition.
  • Competition age is a significant predictor of swimming performance, independent of other age metrics.
  • Further research should explore the impact of transitions between swimming strokes and race distances on peak performance.