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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
180
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

149
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
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Modafinil-induced ventricular arrhythmia: A case report.

Deniz Mutlu1, Barkın Kültürsay2, Ali Karagöz2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin Yayin Organidir
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting drug, can rarely cause serious cardiac arrhythmias like non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Discontinuation of modafinil led to symptom resolution and normalization of ECG findings in a young student.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant approved for narcolepsy and other conditions.
  • Concerns exist regarding modafinil abuse for cognitive enhancement and sleep reduction, particularly among students.
  • Cardiovascular side effects of modafinil are generally considered less severe than amphetamine derivatives.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 23-year-old female experiencing recurrent palpitations after initiating modafinil for academic purposes.
  • Initial ECG revealed sinus rhythm with a right bundle branch block (RBBB).
  • Ambulatory ECG monitoring documented 11 episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).

Findings:

  • No underlying structural heart disease or metabolic abnormalities were identified.
  • Discontinuation of modafinil resulted in complete symptom resolution within two weeks.
  • Follow-up ECGs showed normal sinus rhythm without RBBB, and ambulatory monitoring detected no further VT events.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for modafinil to induce serious cardiac arrhythmias, even in young, otherwise healthy individuals.
  • Clinicians should consider evaluating for cardiac symptoms and inquire about modafinil use/abuse in patients presenting with palpitations or arrhythmias.
  • Further research may be warranted to understand the cardiovascular risks associated with modafinil, especially in non-prescribed use scenarios.