Oocyte Cryopreservation - Current Scenario and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Cryobiology
• Gynecology

Background:

• Oocyte cryopreservation has significantly advanced assisted reproductive technology.
• Indications include fertility preservation for cancer patients, age-related decline, and post-endometriosis surgery.
• Vitrification has become the preferred method over slow freezing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review clinical applications of oocyte cryopreservation.
• To evaluate ideal age, oocyte number, freezing methods, efficacy, and safety.
• To discuss recent advances in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on oocyte cryopreservation techniques and outcomes.
• Analysis of data comparing vitrification and slow freezing methods.
• Evaluation of safety and efficacy studies for live birth rates and congenital abnormalities.

Main Results:

• Vitrification is now the dominant cryopreservation technique.
• Optimal age for planned oocyte cryopreservation is early to mid-thirties; younger for diminished ovarian reserve.
• Preserving 14-20 mature oocytes is recommended for successful live birth.
• Fertilization and pregnancy rates are comparable to fresh oocytes.
• No increased incidence of congenital abnormalities observed in babies born from vitrified oocytes.

Conclusions:

• Oocyte cryopreservation, especially via vitrification, is an effective fertility preservation strategy.
• Age and oocyte number are critical factors for successful outcomes.
• Future advancements include AI-driven image analysis and poloscope technology.