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Post-COVID-19 HSV encephalitis: a review.

S Gupta1, A Dutta1, U Chakraborty1

  • 1From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Annex-1, 52/1a Shambhunath Pandit Street, Kolkata 700025, India.

QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
|February 24, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent COVID-19 infection may increase susceptibility to herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Post-COVID-19 HSVE presents similarly to typical HSVE, with behavioral changes and temporal lobe abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a common cause of sporadic encephalitis.
  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may cause immune dysregulation, potentially increasing HSVE risk.
  • Limited literature exists on HSVE following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze clinical presentation, brain imaging, and outcomes of HSVE within 6 weeks of COVID-19.
  • Review potential mechanisms of post-COVID-19 HSVE.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of patients with laboratory-confirmed HSVE (type 1 or 2) and recent COVID-19.
  • Follow-up duration of 3 months.

Main Results:

  • Eight patients with type 1 HSVE were included.
  • Average latency from COVID-19 diagnosis to neurological symptoms was 23.87 days.
  • Behavioral abnormality was the most common presentation; medial temporal lobe hyperintensities were typical on brain imaging.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19-associated immune dysregulation may heighten HSVE susceptibility.
  • Clinical and laboratory findings in post-COVID-19 HSVE mirror those of typical HSVE.