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Post-COVID-19 HSV encephalitis: a review.

S Gupta¹, A Dutta¹, U Chakraborty¹

¹From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Annex-1, 52/1a Shambhunath Pandit Street, Kolkata 700025, India.

QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians

|February 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent COVID-19 infection may increase susceptibility to herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Post-COVID-19 HSVE presents similarly to typical HSVE, with behavioral changes and temporal lobe abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a common cause of sporadic encephalitis.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may cause immune dysregulation, potentially increasing HSVE risk.
Limited literature exists on HSVE following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

Analyze clinical presentation, brain imaging, and outcomes of HSVE within 6 weeks of COVID-19.
Review potential mechanisms of post-COVID-19 HSVE.

Main Methods:

Observational study of patients with laboratory-confirmed HSVE (type 1 or 2) and recent COVID-19.
Follow-up duration of 3 months.

Main Results:

Eight patients with type 1 HSVE were included.
Average latency from COVID-19 diagnosis to neurological symptoms was 23.87 days.
Behavioral abnormality was the most common presentation; medial temporal lobe hyperintensities were typical on brain imaging.

Conclusions:

COVID-19-associated immune dysregulation may heighten HSVE susceptibility.
Clinical and laboratory findings in post-COVID-19 HSVE mirror those of typical HSVE.