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Modulation format identification using the Calinski-Harabasz index.

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    This study introduces a new modulation format identification (MFI) method using the Calinski-Harabasz index for polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) systems. The novel MFI scheme achieves high accuracy and reliability with lower complexity, crucial for next-gen optical networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing
    • Network Monitoring

    Background:

    • Next-generation optical networks require advanced performance monitoring.
    • Modulation format identification (MFI) is essential for intelligent optical networks.
    • Existing MFI schemes may lack efficiency or robustness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel MFI scheme for polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) systems.
    • To evaluate the scheme's performance in terms of accuracy, robustness, and complexity.
    • To validate the MFI scheme through simulations and experiments.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an MFI scheme utilizing the Calinski-Harabasz index.
    • Conducted numerical simulations on a 28 Gbaud PDM system.
    • Performed 20 Gbaud PDM-QPSK/16QAM/32QAM long-haul fiber transmission experiments.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 100% identification accuracy with optical signal-to-noise ratios below 7% FEC thresholds.
    • Demonstrated robustness against residual chromatic dispersion.
    • Verified reliability in the presence of fiber non-linear impairments.
    • Exhibited significantly lower complexity compared to other clustering-based MFI schemes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed Calinski-Harabasz index-based MFI scheme is effective for PDM systems.
    • The scheme offers high accuracy, robustness, and low complexity for optical performance monitoring.
    • This MFI approach supports the development of intelligent optical networks.