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2D-patterned graphene metasurfaces for efficient third harmonic generation at THz frequencies.

Anna Theodosi, Odysseas Tsilipakos, Costas M Soukoulis

|February 24, 2022

Summary

Graphene metasurfaces achieve efficient third harmonic generation in the THz range. 2D-patterning enhances nonlinear processes by aligning resonances, enabling significant energy confinement for terahertz applications.

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Area of Science:

Terahertz (THz) science and technology
Materials science
Nonlinear optics

Background:

Graphene's unique properties, including high third-order nonlinearity and surface plasmon support, make it promising for nonlinear applications.
Existing nonlinear optical devices often face limitations in efficiency and tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate 2D-patterned graphene-patch metasurfaces for efficient third harmonic generation (THG).
To enhance nonlinear process efficiency through precise spectral alignment of fundamental and third harmonic frequencies with metasurface resonances.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and characterization of 2D-patterned graphene-patch metasurfaces.
Utilizing precise resonance alignment enabled by 2D-patterning to modify plasmon dispersion.

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Achieving spatiotemporal energy confinement at both excitation (ω) and radiation (3ω) frequencies.

Main Results:

Achieved high third harmonic generation efficiencies up to -20dB (1%) at an input intensity of 0.1 MW/cm².
Demonstrated that efficiency is maintained with finite-size metasurfaces, not just ideal periodic systems.
Confirmed that 2D-patterning allows modification of plasmon dispersion and standing wave resonances.

Conclusions:

2D-patterned graphene metasurfaces offer a viable platform for efficient nonlinear THz applications.
The precise resonance alignment strategy significantly boosts third harmonic generation efficiency.
Graphene-based metasurfaces show strong potential for future nonlinear optical device development.