Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

57.4K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
57.4K
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

21.8K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
21.8K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.3K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.3K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

11.0K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
11.0K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.3K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.3K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.2K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

NMR analysis of interaction between RNA structure elements and small molecules: evaluation of RNA libraries and confirmation by two more molecules.

Journal of biochemistry·2026
Same author

Exploring Small-Molecule Modulators of Precursor miRNA Processing Associated With Glycolysis.

ChemMedChem·2026
Same author

Guanine base modifications in antisense oligonucleotides mitigate acute central nervous system toxicity.

RSC chemical biology·2026
Same author

Small Molecule Modulation of APOBEC3A-Catalyzed Cytosine Deamination in CCG Repeat Deoxyribonucleic Acid via Stabilization of Hairpin Structures.

Biochemistry·2025
Same author

Naphthyridine carbamate dimer ligand induces formation of Z-RNA-like fold of disease-related RNA and exhibits a molecular glue characteristics in crystal lattice formation.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Identification and structural insights into RNA motifs targeted by a CAG repeat DNA-binding small molecule.

Chemical science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
13:10

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.4K

Mismatch binding ligand upregulated back-splicing reaction producing circular RNA in a cellular model.

Lu Ni1, Takeshi Yamada1, Asako Murata1

  • 1SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan. nakatani@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a small molecule, naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD), that can increase the production of circular RNA (circRNA) using a specific binding site. This demonstrates a new method for controlling circRNA synthesis.

More Related Videos

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.9K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
13:10

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.4K
A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.9K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are formed through a specific RNA splicing process called back-splicing.
  • circRNAs have emerged as important molecules with diverse regulatory roles in cells.
  • Controlling circRNA biogenesis remains a challenge in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of small molecules to modulate circRNA production.
  • To demonstrate a novel method for inducing circRNA synthesis using a chemical compound.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a synthetic small molecule, naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD).
  • Designed pre-mRNAs with specific NCD-binding sites (UGGAA/UGGAA).
  • Assessed circRNA production in cellular models following NCD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD) significantly upregulated circRNA production from targeted pre-mRNAs.
  • The NCD-mediated upregulation was dependent on the presence of the specific UGGAA/UGGAA binding site.
  • Demonstrated successful small-molecule induction of circRNA synthesis in cells.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecules can be engineered to control circRNA biogenesis.
  • NCD represents a promising tool for modulating circRNA levels.
  • This work opens avenues for therapeutic applications targeting circRNA pathways.