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Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, January 2019-January

Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Kelly Carey, Kathleen P Hartnett

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |February 24, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pediatric emergency department visits significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but visits for injuries and behavioral concerns increased, especially in older children and adolescents.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Pediatrics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Emergency departments (EDs) are crucial for pediatric emergencies in the U.S.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic altered health-seeking behaviors and ED utilization patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine changes in U.S. pediatric emergency department visit trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • To assess the pandemic's impact on visits among children and adolescents aged 0-17 years.

    Main Methods:

    • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed U.S. ED visit data.
    • Trends were compared between pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic years (2020, 2021, and January 2022).

    Main Results:

    • Pediatric ED visits declined substantially: 51% in 2020, 22% in 2021, and 23% in January 2022 compared to 2019.
    • While visits for non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses generally decreased, the proportion for some increased in January 2022.
    • Increases were observed in ED visits for certain injuries (drug poisonings, self-harm, firearm injuries), chronic diseases, and behavioral concerns, particularly in older youth.

    Conclusions:

    • The COVID-19 pandemic has had a complex impact on pediatric emergency care utilization.
    • Delayed care and increased emotional distress highlight the need for vigilance regarding indirect pandemic effects on children's health.
    • Healthcare providers and families must monitor for evolving health conditions and behavioral health issues in pediatric populations.

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