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A Non-Canonical Link between Non-Coding RNAs and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lucia Natarelli1, Christian Weber1,2
1Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 800336 Munich, Germany.
Biomedicines
|February 25, 2022
Summary
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression through both standard and novel mechanisms. This review validates ncRNAs, including non-coding RNAs, involved in CVD, clarifying their roles beyond "junk RNA".
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators in CVD pathogenesis.
- The genome generates canonical ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs) and novel non-canonical types (isomiRs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review scientifically validated ncRNAs, including those with non-canonical biogenesis.
- To explore how canonical ncRNAs influence CVD through non-canonical mechanisms.
- To address the debate surrounding the existence and function of non-canonical ncRNAs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ncRNA biogenesis and function in CVD.
- Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data.
- Examination of evidence for canonical and non-canonical ncRNA mechanisms in CVD.
Main Results:
- Validation of ncRNAs with both canonical and non-canonical biogenesis pathways.
- Identification of canonical ncRNAs acting through non-canonical mechanisms in CVD.
- Evidence supporting the functional relevance of non-canonical ncRNA sub-classes.
Conclusions:
- ncRNAs play a critical role in CVD, challenging the notion of the dark genome as 'junk RNA'.
- Canonical ncRNAs can exert influence via non-canonical mechanisms, expanding our understanding of CVD regulation.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the biochemical functions and therapeutic potential of diverse ncRNAs in cardiovascular health.
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