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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties Lactuca sativa L. and Crop Wild Relatives Lactuca spp.
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Process Development for the Instant Quantification of Lycopene from Agricultural Produces Using Supercritical Fluid

Supriya Priyadarsani1,2, Avinash Singh Patel1,3, Yogesh Sharma4

  • 1Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detector (UPSFC-DAD) method accurately quantifies lycopene in produce. This validated technique offers a quick and reliable way to measure lycopene levels in various fruits and vegetables.

Keywords:
lycopeneprocess optimizationsupercritical fluid chromatography (SFE)validation and quantification

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Lycopene is a vital antioxidant found in various horticultural products.
  • Accurate quantification of lycopene is crucial for nutritional analysis and quality control.
  • Existing methods for lycopene determination may lack speed, simplicity, or reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a rapid, simple, and reliable method for lycopene determination.
  • To optimize chromatographic conditions for efficient lycopene separation.
  • To assess the method's applicability in real-world horticultural samples.

Main Methods:

  • Ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detector (UPSFC-DAD) was employed.
  • Method development involved optimizing stationary phase, mobile phase composition, temperature, pressure, and flow rate.
  • Validation included assessment of linearity, recovery, precision, robustness, and limits of detection/quantification.

Main Results:

  • An isocratic UPSFC-DAD method using BEH-2EP column and CO2/MeOH mobile phase with formic acid additive was established.
  • Lycopene was separated in under 1 minute (0.722 ± 0.001 min) under optimized conditions.
  • The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R²=0.998), high recovery (97.38–102.67%), and good precision (RSD < 4.18%).
  • Limits of detection and quantification were 0.14 µg/mL and 0.37 µg/mL, respectively.
  • The method was successfully applied to lycopene determination in papaya, grapefruit, and bitter melon.

Conclusions:

  • A validated UPSFC-DAD method provides a fast, reliable, and accurate means for lycopene quantification.
  • The developed method is suitable for routine analysis of lycopene in diverse horticultural products.
  • This technique contributes to improved food analysis and quality assessment of lycopene-rich foods.