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Estimating Inhalation Exposure Resulting from Evaporation of Volatile Multicomponent Mixtures Using Different
Martin Tischer1, Michael Roitzsch1
1BAuA: Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit "Exposure Scenarios", Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 25, 2022
Summary
This study introduces a new model for estimating chemical evaporation rates from liquid mixtures, improving occupational exposure risk assessments. The model accounts for non-ideal liquid behavior and backpressure effects, offering more accurate predictions for volatile substances.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health and Safety
- Environmental Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Liquid multicomponent mixtures are prevalent in industrial applications, posing inhalation risks due to volatile chemical evaporation.
- Existing risk assessment models often fail to accurately simulate concentration changes in volatile mixtures and thin films.
- Accurate estimation of airborne chemical concentrations is crucial for workplace safety and regulatory compliance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a numerical model for estimating evaporation rates of volatile multicomponent mixtures.
- To incorporate non-ideal liquid behavior and backpressure effects into evaporation rate calculations.
- To provide a more precise tool for assessing occupational exposure to airborne chemicals.
Main Methods:
- Developed a numerical model solving a system of differential equations using an extended Euler algorithm with time and space discretization.
- Integrated one-box and two-box mass balance models for air dispersion of volatile components.
- Applied the model to scenarios involving binary aqueous solutions (hydrogen peroxide, glutaraldehyde) applied as biocides via wiping.
Main Results:
- Non-ideal liquid behavior and backpressure effects significantly influence concentration-time curves.
- Near-/far-field models are recommended to prevent underestimation of exposure in large rooms with small/medium application areas.
- The near-field/far-field model may overestimate peak exposure for instantaneous applications.
Conclusions:
- The proposed model accurately simulates evaporation rates and airborne concentrations for volatile mixtures, considering liquid-phase non-idealities and backpressure.
- The approach is adaptable for various multicomponent mixtures, enhancing risk assessment accuracy in diverse industrial settings.
- Improved modeling aids in better occupational exposure prediction and control strategies.
Keywords:
activity coefficientsbackpressurebiocidal productscontinuous applicationevaporation modelsextended Euler algorithmmass balancenear-/far fieldoccupational exposurevolatile multicomponent mixturesMore Related Videos
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