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Biomarkers for Transient Ischemic Attack: A Brief Perspective of Current Reports and Future Horizons
Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh1,2, Neda Khalili3,4, Alireza Sadighi5
1Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr 7618815676, Iran.
Insights
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosis relies on clinical history. This review examines TIA biomarkers, focusing on clinically relevant ones to improve early detection and reduce stroke risk.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biomarkers
- Cerebrovascular Disease
Background:
- Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosis is crucial for preventing stroke and permanent neurological damage.
- Current TIA diagnosis heavily depends on clinical assessment and patient history.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and assess the validity of biomarkers for transient ischemic attack (TIA).
- To focus on clinically significant biomarkers for practical application in TIA diagnosis.
- To evaluate the reliability of TIA biomarkers based on recent evidence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent evidence on TIA biomarkers.
- Analysis of biomarker validity and clinical relevance.
- Focus on biomarkers associated with the ischemic cascade in the brain.
Main Results:
- Growing list of biomarkers identified for ischemic cascade components.
- Assessment of reliability for practical usage of key TIA biomarkers.
- Evidence supporting the validity of specific biomarkers for TIA diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers show promise for improving TIA diagnosis beyond clinical assessment.
- Clinically validated biomarkers can aid in early detection and risk stratification of TIA patients.
- Further research into biomarker reliability is essential for routine clinical integration.
Abstract:
Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of long-term disability in the world and the third-leading cause of death in the United States. The early diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) is of great importance for reducing the mortality and morbidity of cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with TIA have a high risk of early subsequent ischemic stroke and the development of permanent nervous system lesions. The diagnosis of TIA remains a clinical diagnosis that highly relies on the patient's medical history assessment. There is a growing list of biomarkers associated with different components of the ischemic cascade in the brain. In this review, we take a closer look at the biomarkers of TIA and their validity with a focus on the more clinically important ones using recent evidence of their reliability for practical usage.
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