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Particle Focusing in a Straight Microchannel with Non-Rectangular Cross-Section.

Uihwan Kim1, Joo-Yong Kwon1, Taehoon Kim1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea.

Micromachines
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Particle focusing in microchannels is enhanced using non-Newtonian fluids, leading to tighter single-line alignment. This method enables efficient particle and cell separation without external forces.

Keywords:
Newtonian fluidnon-rectangular microchannelparticle focusingviscoelastic fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biotechnology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Particle behavior in microchannels is crucial for manipulating and separating biological samples.
  • Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids influence particle dynamics differently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inertial and elasto-inertial particle focusing in microchannels with rhombic and equilateral hexagonal cross-sections.
  • To compare particle behavior in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids under varying flow rates and particle sizes.
  • To analyze the influence of fluid properties on particle migration using numerical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of non-rectangular microchannels using MEMS processes (photolithography, reactive ion etching, anisotropy wet etching).
  • Plasma bonding and self-alignment of PDMS structures.
  • Experimental investigation of particle focusing under different flow conditions.
  • Numerical simulation of particle migration in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids.

Main Results:

  • Multi-line particle focusing observed in Newtonian fluids across a range of flow rates.
  • Single-line particle focusing achieved at the centerline in non-Newtonian fluids.
  • Tighter particle focusing in non-Newtonian fluids within equilateral hexagonal microchannels compared to rhombic ones.
  • Particles migrate towards the channel center due to a negative net elasto-inertial force.

Conclusions:

  • Non-Newtonian fluids promote efficient single-line particle focusing in microchannels.
  • Microchannel geometry, particularly obtuse angles, influences focusing precision.
  • Elasto-inertial forces play a significant role in particle migration towards the channel center.