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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

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Three-Week Old Pigs Are Not Susceptible to Productive Infection with SARS-COV-2.

Elaine Haddock1, Julie Callison1, Stephanie N Seifert1

  • 1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.

Microorganisms
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Summary

Young pigs are not susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, indicating they are not a suitable animal model for studying COVID-19 pathogenesis or zoonotic transmission.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2diseaseinfectionpathologyreplicationtransmissionyoung pigs

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Infectious Disease Modeling

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates animal models that accurately replicate severe disease to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and develop treatments.
  • Pigs are known hosts for various zoonotic viruses and are susceptible to other coronaviruses, making them potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the susceptibility of young pigs to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To determine if pigs can serve as a viable animal model for SARS-CoV-2 research and potential zoonotic transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Young pigs (3 weeks old) were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 via combined respiratory and parenteral routes.
  • Animals were monitored for clinical signs, pathological lesions, viral RNA, infectious virus, and adaptive immune responses over 13 days.

Main Results:

  • Pigs did not develop clinical disease, macroscopic, or microscopic pathological lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • While low levels of viral genomic RNA were occasionally detected in the respiratory tract, subgenomic RNA and infectious virus were absent.
  • No detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses were observed during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Pigs are not susceptible to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Young pigs do not serve as a suitable animal model for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or as a reservoir for zoonotic transmission.