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All-fiber high-power spatiotemporal mode-locked laser based on multimode interference filtering.

Shangzhi Xie, Liang Jin, He Zhang

    Optics Express
    |February 25, 2022
    PubMed
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    This study demonstrates a high-power all-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) laser by optimizing multimode interference (MMI) filtering. This optimization enhances output power and suppresses unwanted mode coupling in STML lasers.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Photonics and Laser Physics
    • * Nonlinear Optics
    • * Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • * Multimode interference (MMI) is crucial in mode-locked lasers, but its role in 3D nonlinear dynamics is under-researched.
    • * Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) combines temporal and spatial mode control in lasers.
    • * Few studies explore MMI's impact on high-power, three-dimensional nonlinear laser dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To demonstrate an all-fiber high-power spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) laser.
    • * To investigate the role of MMI filtering in enhancing STML laser performance.
    • * To achieve high output power and efficiency in an all-fiber STML laser system.

    Main Methods:

    • * Optimized multimode interference (MMI) filtering within an all-fiber laser cavity.
    • * Utilized graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF) under weak coupling conditions.
    • * Analyzed laser output characteristics, including wavelength, pulse width, and power efficiency.

    Main Results:

    • * Achieved dissipative soliton pulses at 1036.86 nm with a 5.65 ps pulse width.
    • * Demonstrated a high slope efficiency of 10.3% for pump-signal conversion.
    • * Obtained average output power of 215 mW and pulse energy of 6 nJ, the highest for all-fiber STML lasers in the normal dispersion regime.
    • * Observed multiple-soliton phenomena, including multiple pulses and harmonic mode-locking.

    Conclusions:

    • * MMI filtering is critical for counteracting high-order mode coupling and boosting output power in STML lasers.
    • * The developed all-fiber STML laser offers high power and efficiency, surpassing previous records in its class.
    • * This work expands design possibilities for high-power all-fiber STML lasers, facilitating broader applications.