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Direct f-3f self-referencing using an integrated silicon-nitride waveguide.

Atsushi Ishizawa, Kota Kawashima, Rai Kou

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    |February 25, 2022
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    Researchers generated a broad supercontinuum (SC) spectrum and third-harmonic light using silicon nitride waveguides. This simplified method enables stable carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) locking for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Supercontinuum (SC) generation is crucial for various optical applications.
    • Carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) locking is essential for frequency comb stabilization.
    • Existing methods often require complex setups and multiple nonlinear elements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To achieve simultaneous SC generation and third-harmonic light production.
    • To demonstrate a simplified and compact CEO locking technique.
    • To enhance the visible component intensity of the SC spectrum.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of low-loss, deuterated silicon nitride waveguides (SiNWs) with spot-size converters.
    • Utilizing a dispersion-controlled SiNW for simultaneous SC and third-harmonic generation.
    • Implementing an f-3f self-referencing scheme solely within the SiNW.

    Main Results:

    • Generation of a 2.6-octave-wide SC spectrum (400-2500 nm) and third-harmonic light.
    • Successful measurement of the CEO signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio (34 dB).
    • Demonstration of stable CEO locking at telecommunications wavelengths without external nonlinear media.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SiNW platform offers a simple, compact, and stable method for CEO locking.
    • This approach eliminates the need for highly nonlinear fibers and additional nonlinear crystals.
    • The enhanced visible SC component intensity and stable CEO locking pave the way for advanced photonic applications.